What is colonoscopy?
Colonoscopy is an examination of the colon done visually, using an instrument called the colonoscope.
What is the main organ involved in the process of colonoscopy?
The colon is mainly examined, as is the rectum that adjoins it.
What are the main functions of the colon and where is it situated?
The colon forms a big part of the large intestine, situated just above the rectum which opens up to the anus. The colon converts semi solid food into stool by removing moisture present in it, after which the food is discharged through the anus.
How is colonoscopy different from endoscopy?
Endoscopy refers to examination of digestive tract, of which the colon is a part. Colonoscopy is specific to the colorectal areas (colon and rectum) and it falls under the category of endoscopy.
Why is colonoscopy carried out?
Colonoscopy is performed to look for any abnormalities that may be found in the functioning or visual appearance of the colon. Some of these abnormalities can be removed in course of examination.
Which of the colorectal abnormalities can be removed?
Polyps and biopsy abnormal appearing tissues can be removed through colonoscopy. These are protruding obstructions that pose a threat to the normal functioning of the colon and rectum, sometimes recognized as early cancer signs.
How is colonoscopy performed?
Colonoscopy is performed with the help of a long, well lit, flexible tube, affixed with a camera that provides a visual image of the colon on to the computer screen. A better view of the colon is obtained by the inflation of intestines caused due to supply of carbon dioxide by the colonoscope (also called ‘scope’).
What are the precautionary measures to be taken during or before colonoscopy?
- Pain killers or sedatives are to be taken in advance
- Patient should be on liquid diet 2-3 days in advance, to empty solid waste before examination date
- Laxatives may be required in case solid waste is still present in the body
- The doctor should be well aware of the patient’s medical history, to know what allergies and illnesses the patient already possesses or is prone to.
How long does the examination last?
Colonoscopy ranges from a half hour to about an hour. Side effects may persist and sedatives take time to wear off, due to which patient may require to stay put for 1-2 hours or wait till the next day, to recover completely.
What are the side effects of colonoscopy?
- Puncture or bleeding of large intestine may happen if colonoscopy is not carried out with absolute care and caution
- Bloody stool passed
- Weakness and giddiness
- Fever
At what age should colonoscopy be carried out?
If there is a medical history regarding colorectal cancer, then, examinations should be made from an early stage from time to time, as is the case with any other personal disease which is likely to affect the working of these organs. Otherwise, 50 is an advisable age to go in for routine checks of colonoscopy, to ensure that the concerned organs are healthy.
How often should these checks take place?
If nothing is found abnormal and there is no related medical history, 10 years is the maximum interval between two successive checks, which is also the growth period for a benign polyp to become cancerous. Once detected, the screenings may have to be done more often, depending on how critical the situation is.
